| Title | Averroes and the Legacy of Dialogue |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | Culture and dialogue |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 195-201 |
| Categories | Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes on Family and Property in the Commentary on Plato’s “Republic” |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 113–132 |
| Categories | Law, al-Fārābī, Influence |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In this chapter, I will focus on Averroes's position on family and property in his Commentary on Plato's “Republic.” I will lay out his views on the role of parents in the education of children, and the place of women and children within the family and in society. I will examine Averroes's stance on private and collective property, as well as his questions pertaining to the transmission of property. Averroes's primary goal in this commentary is arguably to elucidate Plato's analysis of the structure of the ideal political state, given that, by his own admission, he could not find an Arabic translation of Aristotle's Politics. A distinction can in principle be made between Plato's views as expounded by Averroes, and the latter's own views on a given subject. Averroes’ positions can be discerned in the way he introduces personal comments and references to contemporary al-Andalus. In order to discern Averroes's positions and to discover whether he concurs with Plato on issues such as the question of education and the status of women and property, comparisons will be drawn with his main legal work, Bidāyat al-Mujtahid wa-Nihāyat al-Muqtaṣid, so as to uncover his position on such legal matters as family law and property law. It seems that Averroes would have preferred to write a commentary on Aristotle's Politics, since Aristotle's views are closer to his own. In spite of the fact that he is writing on a philosopher with whom he has fewer affinities, he succeeds in presenting many of his own views in this commentary on Plato. This is perhaps owing to the fact that Averroes often quotes Alfarabi, who greatly admired Plato's philosophy and held it to be in harmony with Aristotle’s. Thus Alfarabi, who is a great source of inspiration for Averroes, constitutes in this instance a strong link between Averroes and Plato. Averroes draws on Plato and appears to agree with him in many respects. Writing on Plato's work also allows him to expound some of his own views on issues such as virtue, education, the political state, and religion. In the Commentary on Plato's “Republic” there are echoes of works by Alfarabi, in particular The Attainment of Happiness. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5351","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5351,"authors_free":[{"id":6201,"entry_id":5351,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1254,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Catarina Belo","free_first_name":"Catarina","free_last_name":"Belo","norm_person":{"id":1254,"first_name":"Catarina","last_name":"Belo","full_name":"Catarina Belo","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/132895374","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Catarina Belo"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes on Family and Property in the Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes on Family and Property in the Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"},"abstract":"In this chapter, I will focus on Averroes's position on family and property in his Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic.\u201d I will lay out his views on the role of parents in the education of children, and the place of women and children within the family and in society. I will examine Averroes's stance on private and collective property, as well as his questions pertaining to the transmission of property.\r\n\r\nAverroes's primary goal in this commentary is arguably to elucidate Plato's analysis of the structure of the ideal political state, given that, by his own admission, he could not find an Arabic translation of Aristotle's Politics. A distinction can in principle be made between Plato's views as expounded by Averroes, and the latter's own views on a given subject. Averroes\u2019 positions can be discerned in the way he introduces personal comments and references to contemporary al-Andalus. In order to discern Averroes's positions and to discover whether he concurs with Plato on issues such as the question of education and the status of women and property, comparisons will be drawn with his main legal work, Bid\u0101yat al-Mujtahid wa-Nih\u0101yat al-Muqta\u1e63id, so as to uncover his position on such legal matters as family law and property law.\r\n\r\nIt seems that Averroes would have preferred to write a commentary on Aristotle's Politics, since Aristotle's views are closer to his own. In spite of the fact that he is writing on a philosopher with whom he has fewer affinities, he succeeds in presenting many of his own views in this commentary on Plato. This is perhaps owing to the fact that Averroes often quotes Alfarabi, who greatly admired Plato's philosophy and held it to be in harmony with Aristotle\u2019s. Thus Alfarabi, who is a great source of inspiration for Averroes, constitutes in this instance a strong link between Averroes and Plato. Averroes draws on Plato and appears to agree with him in many respects. Writing on Plato's work also allows him to expound some of his own views on issues such as virtue, education, the political state, and religion. In the Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic\u201d there are echoes of works by Alfarabi, in particular The Attainment of Happiness.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.006","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":24,"category_name":"Influence","link":"bib?categories[]=Influence"}],"authors":[{"id":1254,"full_name":"Catarina Belo","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5351,"section_of":5346,"pages":"113\u2013132","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983","book":{"id":5346,"pubplace":"","publisher":" Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6196,"entry_id":5346,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":" Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":" Alexander","free_last_name":" Orwin","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2022]}
| Title | Averroes’ Rationalism and the European Enlightenment |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Published in | falsafa |
| Pages | 13–31 |
| Categories | Latin Averroism, Tradition and Reception, Modern Interpretations and Adaptations |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5034","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5034,"authors_free":[{"id":5780,"entry_id":5034,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1254,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Catarina Belo","free_first_name":"Catarina","free_last_name":"Belo","norm_person":{"id":1254,"first_name":"Catarina","last_name":"Belo","full_name":"Catarina Belo","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/132895374","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Catarina Belo"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes\u2019 Rationalism and the European Enlightenment","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes\u2019 Rationalism and the European Enlightenment"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":7,"category_name":"Latin Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Latin Averroism"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"},{"id":52,"category_name":"Modern Interpretations and Adaptations","link":"bib?categories[]=Modern Interpretations and Adaptations"}],"authors":[{"id":1254,"full_name":"Catarina Belo","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5034,"section_of":5033,"pages":"13\u201331","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5033,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"falsafa","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2021","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Die dritte Ausgabe der Publikation falsafa. Jahrbuch f\u00fcr islamische Religionsphilosophie widmet sich in besonderer Weise dem Themenverh\u00e4ltnis Religion und Aufkl\u00e4rung. Dabei wird nicht nur das Verh\u00e4ltnis zwischen Islam und Aufkl\u00e4rung in den Blick genommen, sondern auch die Frage der Aufkl\u00e4rung und Religion in historischer, \u00e4sthetischer, ph\u00e4nomenologischer, erkenntnistheoretischer und existenzphilosophischer Hinsicht n\u00e4her diskutiert. ","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5033,"pubplace":"Freiburg, M\u00fcnchen","publisher":"Verlag Karl Alber","series":"Jahrbuch f\u00fcr islamische Religionsphilosophie \/ Yearbook for Islamic Philosophy of Religion","volume":"3","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2021]}
| Title | Averroes (d. 1198), The Decisive Treatise |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2016 |
| Published in | The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy |
| Pages | 278–295 |
| Categories | Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology, Politics, Law |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In his Decisive Treatise, Andalusian philosopher Averroes (1126–1198) analyzes the relation between philosophy and religion from an Islamic legal perspective. He emphasizes the obligation upon some Muslims to study philosophy and how philosophy can be considered one of the Islamic sciences. He mentions the significance of a nonliteral reading of the Qur’ān and defends the compatibility between Aristotelian philosophy and Islamic religion. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5213","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5213,"authors_free":[{"id":6014,"entry_id":5213,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1254,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Catarina Belo","free_first_name":"Catarina","free_last_name":"Belo","norm_person":{"id":1254,"first_name":"Catarina","last_name":"Belo","full_name":"Catarina Belo","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/132895374","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Catarina Belo"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes (d. 1198), The Decisive Treatise","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes (d. 1198), The Decisive Treatise"},"abstract":"In his Decisive Treatise, Andalusian philosopher Averroes (1126\u20131198) analyzes the relation between philosophy and religion from an Islamic legal perspective. He emphasizes the obligation upon some Muslims to study philosophy and how philosophy can be considered one of the Islamic sciences. He mentions the significance of a nonliteral reading of the Qur\u2019\u0101n and defends the compatibility between Aristotelian philosophy and Islamic religion.","btype":2,"date":"2016","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199917389.013.37","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"}],"authors":[{"id":1254,"full_name":"Catarina Belo","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5213,"section_of":5212,"pages":"278\u2013295","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5212,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2016","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"The study of Islamic philosophy has recently entered a new and exciting phase. Both the received canon of Islamic philosophers and the grand narrative of the course of Islamic philosophy are in the process of being radically questioned and revised. The bulk of twentieth-century Western scholarship on Arabic or Islamic philosophy focused on the period from the ninth century to the twelfth. It is a measure of the transformation that is currently underway in the field that the present Handbook gives roughly equal weight to every century from the ninth to the twentieth. The Handbook differs from previous overviews in another significant way: It is work-centered rather than person- or theme-centered. This format is intended to give readers a better sense of what a work in Islamic philosophy looks like, and of the issues, concepts, and arguments that are at play in works belonging to various periods and subfields within Islamic philosophy.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199917389.001.0001","book":{"id":5212,"pubplace":"New York, NY","publisher":"Oxford University Press","series":"Oxford handbooks ","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2016]}
| Title | Averroes and Hegel on Philosophy and Religion |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2013 |
| Publication Place | Farnham |
| Publisher | Ashgate |
| Series | Ashgate New Critical Thinking in Religion, Theology and Biblical Studies |
| Categories | Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Comparing Averroes’ and Hegel’s positions on the relation between philosophy and religion, this book explores the theme of the authorities of faith and reason, and the origin of truth, in a medieval Islamic and a modern Christian context respectively. Through an in-depth analysis of Averroes’ and Hegel’s parallel views on the nature of philosophical and religious discourse, Belo presents new insights into their perspectives on the relation between philosophical knowledge and religious knowledge, and the differences between philosophy and religion. In addition, Belo explores particular works which have not yet been studied by modern scholarship. |
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| Title | Averroes and Aquinas: Some Reflections on the Study and Role of Philosophy and Religion in the Middle Ages |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Published in | Existence, Cause, Essence. Essays in Islamic Philosophy and Theology |
| Pages | 75–85 |
| Categories | Thomas, Theology |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"2021","_score":null,"_source":{"id":2021,"authors_free":[{"id":2461,"entry_id":2021,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1254,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Catarina Belo","free_first_name":"Catarina","free_last_name":"Belo","norm_person":{"id":1254,"first_name":"Catarina","last_name":"Belo","full_name":"Catarina Belo","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/132895374","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Catarina Belo"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes and Aquinas: Some Reflections on the Study and Role of Philosophy and Religion in the Middle Ages","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Averroes and Aquinas: Some Reflections on the Study and Role of Philosophy and Religion in the Middle Ages"},"abstract":null,"btype":2,"date":"2012","language":"English","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":51,"category_name":"Thomas","link":"bib?categories[]=Thomas"},{"id":39,"category_name":"Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":1254,"full_name":"Catarina Belo","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":2021,"section_of":280,"pages":"75\u201385","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":280,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Existence, Cause, Essence. Essays in Islamic Philosophy and Theology","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2012","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2012","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":280,"pubplace":"Lissabon","publisher":"Centro de Filosofia de Universidade de Lisboa","series":null,"volume":null,"edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2012]}
| Title | Philosophical and Religious/Theological Knowledge in Averroes and Aquinas |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Published in | Existence, Cause, Essence. Essays in Islamic Philosophy and Theology |
| Pages | 87–107 |
| Categories | Theology, Thomas |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | O Aristotelismo de Averróis e o problema de emanação |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Date | 2012 |
| Published in | Existence, Cause, Essence. Essays in Islamic Philosophy and Theology |
| Pages | 129–140 |
| Categories | no categories |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Some Notes on Averroes’ Appraisal of non-Islamic Religions, with a Focus on Christianity and Judaism |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2012 |
| Published in | Société Internationale pour l’Étude de la Philosophie Médiévale (S.I.E.P.M). Universalità della Ragione. Pluralità delle Filosofie nel Medioevo = Universalité de la Raison. Pluralité des Philosophies au Moyen Âge = Universality of Reason. Plurality of Philosophies in the Middle Ages : 12. Congresso Internazionale di Filosofia Medievale : Palermo, 17-22 settembre 2007 |
| Pages | 1–9 |
| Categories | Psychology, Latin Averroism |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1761","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1761,"authors_free":[{"id":2032,"entry_id":1761,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1254,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Catarina Belo","free_first_name":"Catarina","free_last_name":"Belo","norm_person":{"id":1254,"first_name":"Catarina","last_name":"Belo","full_name":"Catarina Belo","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/132895374","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Catarina Belo"}}],"entry_title":"Some Notes on Averroes\u2019 Appraisal of non-Islamic Religions, with a Focus on Christianity and Judaism","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Some Notes on Averroes\u2019 Appraisal of non-Islamic Religions, with a Focus on Christianity and Judaism"},"abstract":null,"btype":2,"date":"2012","language":"French","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"},{"id":7,"category_name":"Latin Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Latin Averroism"}],"authors":[{"id":1254,"full_name":"Catarina Belo","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1761,"section_of":242,"pages":"1\u20139","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":242,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Internationale pour l\u2019\u00c9tude de la Philosophie M\u00e9di\u00e9vale (S.I.E.P.M). Universalit\u00e0 della Ragione. Pluralit\u00e0 delle Filosofie nel Medioevo = Universalit\u00e9 de la Raison. Pluralit\u00e9 des Philosophies au Moyen \u00c2ge = Universality of Reason. Plurality of Philosophies in the Middle Ages : 12. Congresso Internazionale di Filosofia Medievale : Palermo, 17-22 settembre 2007","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2012","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2012","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":242,"pubplace":"Palermo","publisher":"Officina di Studi Medievali","series":"Rencontres de Philosophie M\u00e9di\u00e9vale","volume":"12","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2012]}
| Title | Some Considerations on Averroes' Views Regarding Women and their Role in Society |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2009 |
| Journal | Journal of Islamic Studies |
| Volume | 20 |
| Pages | 1–20 |
| Categories | Theology |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Traditional view on women have been the subject of much debate with some studies offering a comprehensive overview of the problem. The present study contributes to the discussion by focusing on a Muslim philosopher, Averroes (Ibn Rushd, d. 1198) known in medieval Europe as an Aristotelian commentator. Modern research shows him as a philosopher in his own right. The originality of his veiws on women would place him in that category. This study examines Averroes' view on women against the background of his society and faith. It also contextualizes them within his philosophy background, not just Ancient, such a Plato and Aristotle, but also contemporary, in particular his forerunners Alfarabi and Avicenna.To that end, this study focuses on two main works, the Commentary on Plato's Republic, where Averroes expounds Plato's model of the ideal society, and women's role in it, and his book on Islamic law, the Bidāyat al-mujtahid (A Jurist's Primer) In both cases Averroes, while following the tradition, philosophical or religious, displays an undeniable preference for women's emancipation.Averroes' considerations on women offer a remarkably original insight. He considers women essentially identical with men, possessing the same intellectual abilities. He advocates their active participation in society and performance of all tasks, including those that had been the prerogative of men. He urges socitey, in particular his Muslim contemporaries, to allow women a greater role in public affairs for the benefit of the entire state. His references to women break new ground, and prefigure important debates that would flourish in modern Europe. Averrores does not see a contradiction between this and Islamic religion. |
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| Title | Averroes (d. 1198), The Decisive Treatise |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2016 |
| Published in | The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy |
| Pages | 278–295 |
| Categories | Relation between Philosophy and Theology, Theology, Politics, Law |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In his Decisive Treatise, Andalusian philosopher Averroes (1126–1198) analyzes the relation between philosophy and religion from an Islamic legal perspective. He emphasizes the obligation upon some Muslims to study philosophy and how philosophy can be considered one of the Islamic sciences. He mentions the significance of a nonliteral reading of the Qur’ān and defends the compatibility between Aristotelian philosophy and Islamic religion. |
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| Title | Averroes and Aquinas: Some Reflections on the Study and Role of Philosophy and Religion in the Middle Ages |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Published in | Existence, Cause, Essence. Essays in Islamic Philosophy and Theology |
| Pages | 75–85 |
| Categories | Thomas, Theology |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes and Hegel on Philosophy and Religion |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2013 |
| Publication Place | Farnham |
| Publisher | Ashgate |
| Series | Ashgate New Critical Thinking in Religion, Theology and Biblical Studies |
| Categories | Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Comparing Averroes’ and Hegel’s positions on the relation between philosophy and religion, this book explores the theme of the authorities of faith and reason, and the origin of truth, in a medieval Islamic and a modern Christian context respectively. Through an in-depth analysis of Averroes’ and Hegel’s parallel views on the nature of philosophical and religious discourse, Belo presents new insights into their perspectives on the relation between philosophical knowledge and religious knowledge, and the differences between philosophy and religion. In addition, Belo explores particular works which have not yet been studied by modern scholarship. |
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| Title | Averroes and the Legacy of Dialogue |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | Culture and dialogue |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 195-201 |
| Categories | Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes on Family and Property in the Commentary on Plato’s “Republic” |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 113–132 |
| Categories | Law, al-Fārābī, Influence |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In this chapter, I will focus on Averroes's position on family and property in his Commentary on Plato's “Republic.” I will lay out his views on the role of parents in the education of children, and the place of women and children within the family and in society. I will examine Averroes's stance on private and collective property, as well as his questions pertaining to the transmission of property. Averroes's primary goal in this commentary is arguably to elucidate Plato's analysis of the structure of the ideal political state, given that, by his own admission, he could not find an Arabic translation of Aristotle's Politics. A distinction can in principle be made between Plato's views as expounded by Averroes, and the latter's own views on a given subject. Averroes’ positions can be discerned in the way he introduces personal comments and references to contemporary al-Andalus. In order to discern Averroes's positions and to discover whether he concurs with Plato on issues such as the question of education and the status of women and property, comparisons will be drawn with his main legal work, Bidāyat al-Mujtahid wa-Nihāyat al-Muqtaṣid, so as to uncover his position on such legal matters as family law and property law. It seems that Averroes would have preferred to write a commentary on Aristotle's Politics, since Aristotle's views are closer to his own. In spite of the fact that he is writing on a philosopher with whom he has fewer affinities, he succeeds in presenting many of his own views in this commentary on Plato. This is perhaps owing to the fact that Averroes often quotes Alfarabi, who greatly admired Plato's philosophy and held it to be in harmony with Aristotle’s. Thus Alfarabi, who is a great source of inspiration for Averroes, constitutes in this instance a strong link between Averroes and Plato. Averroes draws on Plato and appears to agree with him in many respects. Writing on Plato's work also allows him to expound some of his own views on issues such as virtue, education, the political state, and religion. In the Commentary on Plato's “Republic” there are echoes of works by Alfarabi, in particular The Attainment of Happiness. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5351","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5351,"authors_free":[{"id":6201,"entry_id":5351,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1254,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Catarina Belo","free_first_name":"Catarina","free_last_name":"Belo","norm_person":{"id":1254,"first_name":"Catarina","last_name":"Belo","full_name":"Catarina Belo","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/132895374","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Catarina Belo"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes on Family and Property in the Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes on Family and Property in the Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"},"abstract":"In this chapter, I will focus on Averroes's position on family and property in his Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic.\u201d I will lay out his views on the role of parents in the education of children, and the place of women and children within the family and in society. I will examine Averroes's stance on private and collective property, as well as his questions pertaining to the transmission of property.\r\n\r\nAverroes's primary goal in this commentary is arguably to elucidate Plato's analysis of the structure of the ideal political state, given that, by his own admission, he could not find an Arabic translation of Aristotle's Politics. A distinction can in principle be made between Plato's views as expounded by Averroes, and the latter's own views on a given subject. Averroes\u2019 positions can be discerned in the way he introduces personal comments and references to contemporary al-Andalus. In order to discern Averroes's positions and to discover whether he concurs with Plato on issues such as the question of education and the status of women and property, comparisons will be drawn with his main legal work, Bid\u0101yat al-Mujtahid wa-Nih\u0101yat al-Muqta\u1e63id, so as to uncover his position on such legal matters as family law and property law.\r\n\r\nIt seems that Averroes would have preferred to write a commentary on Aristotle's Politics, since Aristotle's views are closer to his own. In spite of the fact that he is writing on a philosopher with whom he has fewer affinities, he succeeds in presenting many of his own views in this commentary on Plato. This is perhaps owing to the fact that Averroes often quotes Alfarabi, who greatly admired Plato's philosophy and held it to be in harmony with Aristotle\u2019s. Thus Alfarabi, who is a great source of inspiration for Averroes, constitutes in this instance a strong link between Averroes and Plato. Averroes draws on Plato and appears to agree with him in many respects. Writing on Plato's work also allows him to expound some of his own views on issues such as virtue, education, the political state, and religion. In the Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic\u201d there are echoes of works by Alfarabi, in particular The Attainment of Happiness.","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.006","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":26,"category_name":"Law","link":"bib?categories[]=Law"},{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":24,"category_name":"Influence","link":"bib?categories[]=Influence"}],"authors":[{"id":1254,"full_name":"Catarina Belo","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5351,"section_of":5346,"pages":"113\u2013132","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983","book":{"id":5346,"pubplace":"","publisher":" Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6196,"entry_id":5346,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":" Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":" Alexander","free_last_name":" Orwin","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":["Averroes on Family and Property in the Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"]}
| Title | Averroes on God's Knowledge of Particulars |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2006 |
| Journal | Journal of Islamic Studies |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 177–199 |
| Categories | Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This article discusses a central issue in the debate between philosophy and theology in the Islamic Middle Ages. In his attempt to show that Greek philosophy was contrary to Islam, theologian al-Ghazzālī charged Muslim philosophers with unbelief (kufr) on three counts: the eternity of the world, bodily resurrection and God's knowledge of particulars. The latter was particularly significant within an Islamic context. If God does not know particulars, how can He know for instance individual prophets or pass judgement on Doomsday? The main target of al-Ghazālī's criticism was Avicenna and his contention that God knows particulars in a universal way. In the Aristotelian epistemological model followed by Avicenna the subject and object of knowledge become one in the epistemological process. Since God is immutable He cannot know particulars in time, therefore He must know individuals insofar as they are universal.In his response to al-Ghazzālī, Averroes' main contribution is his rejection of Avicenna's formulation that God knows particulars in a universal way. Averroes criticizes this view because it does away with the distinction between divine and human knowledge. While in humans the process of knowing entails abstraction of universals from individual substances, God's knowledge cannot be characterized as universal or particular. It is neither particular—because it does not involve sense experience—nor universal—because it is not abstracted from individuals.Consequently, Averroes presents the essence of God's knowledge as at bottom unknowable to the human mind. This position may resemble al-Ghazzālī's overall negative stance concerning our understanding of this issue but in actuality it is radically different. By way of stating what it is not, and by clearly showing the differences between divine and human knowledge, Averroes provides a clearer grasp of what divine knowledge must be like. |
| Online Access | ttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26199485 |
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| Title | Averroes’ Rationalism and the European Enlightenment |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Published in | falsafa |
| Pages | 13–31 |
| Categories | Latin Averroism, Tradition and Reception, Modern Interpretations and Adaptations |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5034","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5034,"authors_free":[{"id":5780,"entry_id":5034,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1254,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Catarina Belo","free_first_name":"Catarina","free_last_name":"Belo","norm_person":{"id":1254,"first_name":"Catarina","last_name":"Belo","full_name":"Catarina Belo","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/132895374","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Catarina Belo"}}],"entry_title":"Averroes\u2019 Rationalism and the European Enlightenment","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes\u2019 Rationalism and the European Enlightenment"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":7,"category_name":"Latin Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Latin Averroism"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"},{"id":52,"category_name":"Modern Interpretations and Adaptations","link":"bib?categories[]=Modern Interpretations and Adaptations"}],"authors":[{"id":1254,"full_name":"Catarina Belo","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5034,"section_of":5033,"pages":"13\u201331","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5033,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"falsafa","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2021","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"Die dritte Ausgabe der Publikation falsafa. Jahrbuch f\u00fcr islamische Religionsphilosophie widmet sich in besonderer Weise dem Themenverh\u00e4ltnis Religion und Aufkl\u00e4rung. Dabei wird nicht nur das Verh\u00e4ltnis zwischen Islam und Aufkl\u00e4rung in den Blick genommen, sondern auch die Frage der Aufkl\u00e4rung und Religion in historischer, \u00e4sthetischer, ph\u00e4nomenologischer, erkenntnistheoretischer und existenzphilosophischer Hinsicht n\u00e4her diskutiert. ","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5033,"pubplace":"Freiburg, M\u00fcnchen","publisher":"Verlag Karl Alber","series":"Jahrbuch f\u00fcr islamische Religionsphilosophie \/ Yearbook for Islamic Philosophy of Religion","volume":"3","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":["Averroes\u2019 Rationalism and the European Enlightenment"]}
| Title | Chance and Determinism in Avicenna and Averroes |
| Type | Monograph |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2007 |
| Publication Place | Leiden, Boston |
| Publisher | Brill |
| Series | Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science |
| Volume | 69 |
| Categories | Avicenna, Physics, Metaphysics, Relation between Philosophy and Theology |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This book examines the question whether medieval Muslim philosophers Avicenna (Arabic Ibn Sīnā 980-1037) and Averroes (Arabic Ibn Rushd 1126-1198) are determinists. With a focus on physics and metaphysics it studies their views on chance events in nature, as well as matter, in particular prime matter, and divine providence. In addition it sets their positions against the historical/philosophical background that influenced their response, the Greco-Arabic philosophical tradition - Aristotelian and Neoplatonic - on the one hand, and the tradition of Islamic theology (kalām) on the other. In comparing their philosophical systems, it lays emphasis on the way in which Avicenna and Averroes use these traditions to offer an original answer to the problem of determinism. |
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| Title | Deus na filosofia e na teologia islâmicas. A resposta de Averróis a al-Ghazzali |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Date | 2008 |
| Published in | A Questão de Deus na História da Filosofia |
| Pages | 229–237 |
| Categories | Theology |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Esencia y existencia en Avicenna y Averroes |
| Translation | Essence and Existence in Avicenna and Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2009 |
| Journal | Al-Qanṭara |
| Volume | 30 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 403–426 |
| Categories | Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Catarina Belo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This article explores the views on existence of medieval Muslim philosophers Avicenna (d. 1037) and Averroes (d. 1198), whose works followed closely the philosophy of Aristotle. In addition to the Aristotelian influence, which permeated all medieval Islamic philosophy, Avicenna and Averroes were also inspired by Islamic theology, known in Arabic as kalām. The distinction between essence and existence is one of the most central and controversial aspects of Avicenna's philosophy, together with his claim that existence is an accident. Averroes in turn has a radically different conception of existence, identifying it with existing beings rather than considering it as something in itself. With the Latin translation of Avicenna's metaphysical works in the 12th century, the Avicennian distinction went on to shape much of the debate on existence in medieval Scholastic philosophy and beyond. This article assesses the meaning of the distinction in Avicenna as well as Averroes' criticism. In explicating their radically different views on existence, it also touches on later discussions concerning existence, for example the issue whether existence is a predicate, in the Modern Age. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1379","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1379,"authors_free":[{"id":1571,"entry_id":1379,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1254,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Catarina Belo","free_first_name":"Catarina","free_last_name":"Belo","norm_person":{"id":1254,"first_name":"Catarina","last_name":"Belo","full_name":"Catarina Belo","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/132895374","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Catarina Belo"}}],"entry_title":"Esencia y existencia en Avicenna y Averroes","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":"Essence and Existence in Avicenna and Averroes","main_title":{"title":"Esencia y existencia en Avicenna y Averroes"},"abstract":"This article explores the views on existence of medieval Muslim philosophers Avicenna (d. 1037) and Averroes (d. 1198), whose works followed closely the philosophy of Aristotle. In addition to the Aristotelian influence, which permeated all medieval Islamic philosophy, Avicenna and Averroes were also inspired by Islamic theology, known in Arabic as kal\u0101m. The distinction between essence and existence is one of the most central and controversial aspects of Avicenna's philosophy, together with his claim that existence is an accident. Averroes in turn has a radically different conception of existence, identifying it with existing beings rather than considering it as something in itself. With the Latin translation of Avicenna's metaphysical works in the 12th century, the Avicennian distinction went on to shape much of the debate on existence in medieval Scholastic philosophy and beyond. This article assesses the meaning of the distinction in Avicenna as well as Averroes' criticism. In explicating their radically different views on existence, it also touches on later discussions concerning existence, for example the issue whether existence is a predicate, in the Modern Age.","btype":3,"date":"2009","language":"Spanish","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"}],"authors":[{"id":1254,"full_name":"Catarina Belo","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":1379,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Al-Qan\u1e6dara","volume":"30","issue":"2","pages":"403\u2013426"}},"sort":["Esencia y existencia en Avicenna y Averroes"]}